Nadat means after and voordat means before. Both link two events and show which one comes first.
Nadat introduces the event that happens first. Voordat introduces the event that happens later.
Dutch · English
Nadat and voordat are subordinating conjunctions (onderschikkende voegwoorden), just like omdat, toen and als. They start a bijzin, so the verbs go to the end of that clause.
Dutch · English
Look at the main clause after the comma: viel hij, not hij viel. Section 4 explains why.
The nadat clause describes the event that is already finished when the other one happens. That's why it usually has a perfect tense:
With voordat, you normally use the same tense as in the main clause: the imperfectum in a story, the presens for now and later.
The bijzin can also come first. Then it fills position 1 of the sentence, and the main clause starts with the conjugated verbum (inversie): verb, comma, verb.
Dutch · English
Na and voor are prepositions. They go with a noun (or het + infinitive), not with a whole clause. As soon as you have a subject and a verb, you need nadat or voordat.
With a clause · With a noun
In spoken Dutch you'll also hear voor on its own as a short form of voordat: Voor ik ga slapen, lees ik nog even. That's fine. But na can never do this: a clause that means after … always needs nadat.
And with a te-infinitive? In the Netherlands people don't say voor te vertrekken. Use a clause instead: voordat ik vertrek. In formal writing you may see alvorens te vertrekken.
Wrong · Right · Why
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