Everyday Dutch says what happens with a verbum. Formal Dutch often packs the same action into a noun. This is nominalisation (nominalisatie), and a text full of these nouns has a nominal style: think of official letters, reports and the news.
With a verb · With a noun
The most common way: take the infinitive, drop -en and add -ing. Every -ing noun is a de-word, and the plural ends in -en (de betalingen).
The spelling follows the infinitive, not the ik-form: verhog-en → de verhoging (ik verhoog). A separable verb never splits in the noun: de opzegging, de afschaffing.
You can also use any verb as a noun as it is: put het in front of the infinitive. It's always a het-word, has no plural and names the action itself.
Dutch · English
Compare: de betaling is the payment, a result you can count (De betaling is binnen.). Het betalen is the act of paying (Het betalen ging snel.).
Not every verb takes -ing. Sometimes the noun is just the stem, sometimes it has its own ending, and sometimes you simply have to learn it, with its article.
Verb → noun
De or het?
In formal Dutch, a preposition + noun often replaces a whole bijzin. The sentence gets shorter, and you don't have to say who does what.
Bijzin · Nominal style
Na, bij, door and ter are prepositions, so a noun follows. With a clause you need nadat, wanneer or doordat; instead of ter you use om … te.
In fixed formal chunks the article often drops: na ontvangst, na betaling, bij aankomst. Ter is an old form of te + de, used only in fixed chunks, mostly with an -ing noun: ter verhoging van, ter bestrijding van, ter voorbereiding op. So never ter de.
The nominal style is short and neutral: na ontvangst van uw betaling doesn't need a whole bijzin and doesn't say who did it. That suits official letters, reports and the news.
But too many nouns make a text heavy, especially in a chain of van … van … van or with empty verbs like plaatsvinden (to take place) and overgaan tot (to proceed to). Then turn the nouns back into verbs:
Rule of thumb: one or two of these nouns per sentence is fine. When you talk or text a friend, just use verbs.
Wrong · Right · Why
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