Hoewel, tenzij, zodat, terwijl, zodra, mits, indien, doordat, voordat, nadat, sinds, totdat, alsof & aangezien are subordinating conjunctions (onderschikkende voegwoorden). They belong to the same family as words like terwijl, omdat, wanneer, toen and als.
They start a bijzin, and in a bijzin all verbs go to the end. Separable verbs join up again, and modals and infinitives cluster together.
When the bijzin comes first, it fills position 1. The main clause then starts with the conjugated verbum (inversie): verb, comma, verb.
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In this article, we'll dive a bit deeper in some conjunctions that are used a lot.
Hoewel = although, even though. It introduces a fact that you'd expect to stop the main clause, but doesn't. The main clause often adds toch for emphasis.
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Terwijl has two meanings:
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Tenzij = unless. It already contains a "not", so don't add niet unless you really mean a double negative.
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Mits = provided that, on condition that. It is a little formal and you'll see it a lot in contracts and rules. It nearly always comes after the main clause.
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In everyday speech, people often say als or op voorwaarde dat instead of mits.
Zodat = so that. It expresses a purpose or a result, and the subject can be anyone.
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Zodat or om … te?
With the same subject and a purpose, om … te is usually shorter: Ik vertrek vroeg om de file te vermijden.
With a different subjec, you need zodat: Ik vertrek vroeg zodat hij op tijd op school komt.
Zodat or dus? Dus is not a subordinating conjunction, so the verb does not go to the end: Het regende, dus we bleven thuis.
Zodra = as soon as. For the future, Dutch normally uses the present tense in both clauses.
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Conjunction · English · Type · Close alternative
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Practice the subordinators!
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